Durable & Reliable 12V Lead Acid Battery BMS Alike Protection Functions

1. Structure and Principle

2. The electrodes of a lead-acid battery are made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. During discharge, the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the negative electrode is lead. During charging, both electrodes are converted to lead sulfate. The rated voltage of a single cell is 2V. In practical applications, they are often connected in series (for example, six cells form a 12V battery pack) to meet vehicle requirements.

3. Technical Parameters
1) Voltage and Capacity: Low-speed vehicles commonly use voltages of 48V, 60V, or 72V, corresponding to five to six 12V lead-acid batteries connected in series. Capacity ranges from 26Ah to 100Ah, which affects driving range (for example, a 60V, 100Ah battery has a range of approximately 100 kilometers).
2) Charge and Discharge Range: The maximum charge voltage of a single cell is 2.4V, and the minimum discharge voltage is 1.5V. Battery management systems (BMS) monitoring is required to prevent overcharge and overdischarge.
3) Temperature Adaptability: The operating temperature is typically -20°C to 50°C, with some graphene-modified models offering improved performance.